The TC-4000 thermal cycler is able to handle all of your protocols and is easy on your budget. The TC-4000 is a high performance, high sample throughput instrument at a highly affordable price. Flexible block format: The truly user-friendly fully interchangeable block system allows blocks to be exchanged in a matter of seconds, without the need of any tools (60 x 0.5ml, 96 x 0.2ml, 96-well fully skirted, 384-well or flat plate for in-situ). Flexible heated lid: Defined pressure, programmable heated lid to accommodate a variety of consumables. Intuitive programming: The 4-line display with intuitive, simple-to-use software with alphanumeric programming, password protection, simple copy/edit functions and much more. 8 Peltiers: Building on the innovative Quad Circuit Technology of the TC-5000, the TC-4000 ensures unsurpassed control accuracy and temperature uniformity. Low cost: The TC-4000 is one of the most affordable full sized PCR machines. PC networking: The TC-4000 can be connected to a PC along with other Techne cyclers for low volume or high throughput applications using Gensoft*. * Up to 32 Techne® cyclers can be connected and run through a PC using Gensoft, a software package which can be downloaded free of charge from our website.

Technical notes:
(REF FGEN-01)

Block temperatures
To provide thermal cyclers with the high performance and specificity required for the protocols of today, heated block design and program versatility are important features.

Incremental/decremental temperatures
Touchdown DNA protocols are where a higher temperature is required for the initial cycles than later cycles. This ensures that only highly specific product is created (amplified) during the critical initial steps. A decreased, less stringent temperature is then used by gradually decreasing the annealing temperature. The effect is a higher yield and more specific product. Therefore, to eliminate the need for programming lengthy error prone protocols, choose a thermal cycler which can automatically incorporate an incremental decrease/increase in temperature.

Incremental/decremental time
Long template DNA is the amplification of large fragments of DNA (e.g. 40kb lambda, 27kb Genomic). To ensure that the extension is fully complete after each cycle, the extension time is increased with each cycle to compensate for the increased product quantity and decreasing concentrations of reagents. As above with temperature, choose a thermal cycler which can automatically increase/decrease hold time at a given temperature.

Peltier technology
The peltier effect is used in many applications for the reliable cooling of sensitive high-temperature components without the need for refrigerants or compressors. Otherwise known as thermoelectric coolers, peltiers are a special type of semiconductor that function as a solid state heat pump. By applying a low voltage DC power source to one side, heat will be moved in the direction of the current (+ to - ). The heat is thus pumped from one side of the module to the other, so that one face will be cold while the opposite face will be heated. As this effect is reversible, peltier technology is the chosen method for heating and cooling the block in the best thermal cyclers on the market today.

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